Ammonium chloride, referred to as ammonium chloride, is an inorganic substance with the chemical formula NH4Cl, which refers to the ammonium salt of hydrochloric acid, and is mostly a by-product of the alkali-making industry. Containing 24%~26% nitrogen, it is a small white or slightly yellow square or octahedral crystal. There are two dosage forms of powder and granular. Granular ammonium chloride is not easy to absorb moisture and is easy to store, while powdered ammonium chloride is mostly used as Basic fertilizer for compound fertilizer production. It is a physiologically acidic fertilizer. It is not suitable for application on acidic soil and saline-alkali soil due to its high chlorine content. ) on the application. Ammonium chloride has high and stable fertilizer efficiency in rice fields, because chlorine can not only inhibit the nitrification of rice fields, but also facilitate the formation of rice stalk fibers, increase toughness, and reduce rice lodging and pest infestation.

Colorless crystal or white granular powder, it is a kind of strong electrolyte, which dissolves in water and ionizes to produce ammonium ions and chloride ions. When ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride combine to form ammonium chloride, there will be white smoke. Odorless. The taste is salty, cool and slightly bitter. It has low hygroscopicity, but it can also absorb moisture and agglomerate in wet and rainy weather. Powdered ammonium chloride is very easy to deliquesce, especially qualified products. The moisture absorption point is generally around 76%. When the relative humidity in the air is greater than the moisture absorption point, ammonium chloride will absorb moisture and easily agglomerate. Capable of sublimation (actually the process of decomposition and regeneration of ammonium chloride) without melting point. The relative density is 1.5274. The refractive index is 1.642. Low toxicity, median lethal dose (rat, oral) 1650mg/kg. irritating. Heating to 350 ° C sublimation, the boiling point of 520 ° C.

Soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, soluble in liquid ammonia, insoluble in acetone and ether. Hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride can reduce its solubility in water. Its solubility in water is 29.4g at 0°C, 33.2g at 10°C, 37.2g at 20°C, 41.4g at 30°C, 45.8g at 40°C, and 45.8g at 50°C. 50.4g at 60°C, 55.3g at 60°C, 60.2g at 70°C, 65.6g at 80°C, 71.2g at 90°C, and 77.3g at 100°C). It begins to decompose when heated to 100°C, and can be completely decomposed into ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride gas at 337.8°C. When it is cooled, it will recombine to form ammonium chloride with extremely small particles and appear as white smoke, which is not easy to sink and is extremely difficult to regenerate. Dissolve in water.

The pH of the aqueous solution: Because the ammonium ion ionized in the water is hydrolyzed to make the solution acidic, the pH value of the saturated ammonium chloride solution at room temperature is generally around 5.6. At 25°C, 1% is 5.5, 3% is 5.1, and 10% is 5.0. Ammonium chloride itself can be used as a stable reagent for bismuth and antimony (provide chloride ions for coordination, and its compound and ammonium chloride are co-dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid when used).

Basic Information

Ammonium chloride application

There are two main production processes for this product: one is to use the Hou's soda-making method invented by the famous Chinese scientist Hou Debang to simultaneously produce two products of soda ash and ammonium chloride; the other is to produce by-products of potassium carbonate and other potassium salts. Ammonium chloride is easy to agglomerate, and anti-caking agents are usually added to prevent product agglomeration.

Application 1： It can be used as a raw material to manufacture dry batteries and storage batteries, other ammonium salts, electroplating additives, and metal welding fluxes;

Application 2：Used as dyeing aids, tinning and galvanizing, leather tanning, medicine, candle making, adhesives, chromizing, precision casting;

Application 3： Used in medicine, dry battery, fabric printing and dyeing, detergent;

Application 4：Ammonium Chloride can reduce phlegm and relieve cough

① When ammonium chloride enters the body, some ammonium ions are rapidly metabolized by the liver to form urea, which is excreted through urine. Chloride ions combine with hydrogen to form hydrochloric acid, thus correcting the alkalosis.

②Because of the chemical stimulation to the mucous membrane, the amount of sputum is reflexively increased, making it easy to discharge the sputum, which is conducive to the removal of a small amount of sticky sputum that is difficult to cough up. After this product is absorbed, chloride ions enter the blood and extracellular fluid to acidify the urine.

chemical properties

The aqueous solution is weakly acidic, and the acidity increases when heated. It is corrosive to ferrous metals and other metals, especially to copper, and has no corrosive effect on pig iron; when ammonia gas is mixed with hydrogen chloride gas, white smoke will be generated, which is ammonium chloride;