Sodium bicarbonate is widely used in analytical chemistry, inorganic synthesis, industrial production, agricultural and animal husbandry production, etc.

Basic Information

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Physical properties

Sodium bicarbonate is white crystal, or opaque monoclinic fine crystal, odorless, slightly salty and cool in nature, soluble in water and glycerin, insoluble in ethanol. Solubility in water is 7.8g (18°C), 16.0g (60°C), density 2.20g/cm3, specific gravity 2.208, refractive index α: 1.465; β: 1.498; γ: 1.504, standard entropy 24.4J/(mol K), heat of formation 229.3kJ/mol, heat of solution 4.33kJ/mol, specific heat capacity (Cp) 20.89J/(mol °C)(22°C)

Chemical properties

Acidity

The aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate is weakly alkaline due to hydrolysis and reacts with acid

Sodium bicarbonate can react with acids, such as sodium bicarbonate and hydrochloric acid

react with alkali

Sodium bicarbonate can react with bases, such as sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide:

react with salt

1. Sodium bicarbonate can undergo double hydrolysis with aluminum chloride and aluminum chlorate to produce aluminum hydroxide, sodium salt and carbon dioxide

2. Sodium bicarbonate can undergo metathesis reaction with certain metal salt solutions

thermal decomposition

Sodium bicarbonate is stable at room temperature, easy to decompose when heated, decomposes rapidly above 50°C, completely loses carbon dioxide at 270°C, has no change in dry air, and slowly decomposes in humid air..

Method

Industrial preparation:

1. Gas phase carbonization method

2. Gas-solid phase carbonization method

3. Waste lye recovery method

4. Trona processing method

Laboratory preparation: 

The laboratory can use the aqueous solution of sodium carbonate to react with carbon dioxide to prepare sodium bicarbonate.

Application

Sodium bicarbonate will produce saponification when it is directly mixed with oil, and too strong soap smell will affect the fragrance and quality of West Point.

Sodium bicarbonate is often used as a neutralizing agent, for example to balance the acidity of chocolate. At the same time, it can also deepen the color of chocolate, making it look darker and brighter.

If too much sodium bicarbonate is added to pastries, it will not only damage the quality and cause an overly alkaline taste, but also cause heart palpitations, numb lips, and temporary loss of taste, etc.

Baking soda can be divided into medicinal, edible, and industrial uses, and the location of purchase varies with the type. Among them, industrial baking soda powder has lower purity and more impurities, while edible baking soda powder has higher purity.

Baking soda powder is used in household cleaning to decontaminate and deodorize. Because of greasy, stains or bad smell, most of them are acidic substances (H+, such as fatty acids). When weakly alkaline hydroxide OH- meets acidic substances, it will have a neutralizing effect. Let it sit for a few minutes, then wipe off gently. (do not mix with vinegar)

Security measures

Environmental hazard

Sodium bicarbonate is generally not hazardous to water, and the material should not be released into the surrounding environment without government permits.

Spill handling

Isolate the leaked contaminated area and restrict access. It is recommended that emergency personnel wear dust masks (full face masks) and general work clothes. Avoid raising dust, sweep it up carefully, put it in a bag and transfer it to a safe place. If a large amount of leakage occurs, cover it with plastic sheeting or canvas. Collect and recycle or transport to waste disposal site for disposal.

Storage and transportation attention

Sodium bicarbonate is not a dangerous product, but it should be protected from moisture. Store in a dry and ventilated warehouse. Do not store and transport with acids. When eating baking soda, you must pay special attention not to store and transport it with toxic substances to prevent pollution.